Management of Shrimp Farming in the First Months Phase 02 – Pond Water Quality

As noted in previous discussions, that the goal of management of shrimp culture in the first months phase, basically to provide pond water environment which is according to the level of fries / small shrimps need.

Referring to the goal, so the management of water quality in this phase has significant role in fries / small shrimps growth in order to maintain quality and quantity of them including the condition of shrimps, shrimps uniformity level, the density of shrimp population, the average body weight of shrimps, etc.

In discussions related to water quality that has been described in previous descriptions, there are some water quality parameters that can be used in assessing water quality. These parameters are:

1. The transparency of pond waters
   
2. The color of pond waters
   
3. The physical condition of pond waters, and
   
4. The condition of pond bottom.

Shrimp needs to water quality parameters as described above is relative difference between fry / small shrimp than big / adult shrimp. Besides the technical treatment parameters of pond water quality management is also different between both of them. Description of pond waters quality parameters in the first months phase will be described based on shrimp growth such as the following explanations:

1. The initial fry stocking phase till to sub-phase of the second week, the waters transparency level needed by fry / prawn is relatively high, ranging from through to pond bottom to the waters transparency range from 60 cm - 80 cm (or depending on the level of density / population of shrimp in ponds and pond wall height). In this sub-phase, the replacement of pond water more directed at the pattern of fills up water into the pond at a certain height. Water replacement method with this pattern aims to prepare the pond waters in order to make it easier to set up when needed. In addition, this matter is also to avoid the carried out shrimp which are still small, if done pond waters throwing out.
   
   Although in this sub-phase the waters transparency level is relatively high, the pond waters should already have color (green or brownish) as an indicator that the waters already have plankton seedlings which are ready to be growth in accordance with the level of water transparency at a certain time. As an effort to establish the transparency and color of pond waters, so the technical treatment that can be applied is the provision of fertilizer with a dose that is not too much. In this sub-phase has not been operated water-wheel maximally (only to support the process of water formation).
   
   In this sub-phase, the parameters of the physical condition of pond water and pond bottom conditions are relatively not require intensive observation, because of no / little input of artificial feed as the biggest effects contributor to the physical condition of pond water and pond bottom condition. Observations on these two parameters can be done in a cursory unless there are specific cases within the pond waters.
   
   The water conditions that need to be aware in this sub-phase is the growth of moss in pond bottom which is caused due to high levels of water transparency at this sub-phase. Moss may grow because of the waters transparency on through to pond bottom condition in a relatively long time and not immediately formed, so that the penetration of sunlight into the pond bottom will be a stimulator for growth of the moss. If it can not anticipate the growth of moss, then this condition can become an obstacle for water quality management at next sub-phases.
   
   
2. The sub-phase of the third week till to sub-phase of the fourth week, the waters transparency level needed by fries/shrimps is ranges from 60 cm - 45 cm with green or brownish color. The transparency and color parameters of pond water in this sub-phase should have led to conditions of stability of water quality, because if this condition is not reached, then it will affect the condition and quality of shrimps so that will indirectly affect to the shrimp culture management program to next phases.
   
   Substitution of pond waters in the sub-phases can be applied to throw-fill pattern. Pond waters disposal can be used to determine the conditions of pond bottom, namely by observing the water channel outlets when opened to remove the pond water. Pond waters substitution with “simultaneous” pattern (throwing out and filling of water performed simultaneously) can be done if the pond water has been deemed stable enough.
   
   In an effort to maintain the stability of pond waters, then the fertilizer dose may increased (depending on water conditions and the season at that time) and operation of the water-wheels can be intensified and if necessary the number of water-wheels can be added. In this sub-phase, observations of the physical condition of pond waters need more intensive especially if the shrimp population predicted solid.

The parameters and pond waters quality management in first months phase such as the above explanation should still refer to the needs, growth and conditions of shrimp fries/small shrimps at the time. Besides seasonal and weather factors also affect to the level of water quality management in this phase, because the stability of water ponds, especially at the beginning of the sub-phase is unstable.

Based on the description of the management of water quality in the first months phase such as the above explanation there is a note to be underlined, namely: ”Pond water quality management should not make us trapped on the water cultivation conditions without regard to condition, quality and need level of shrimps at that time, or in other words, we conduct shrimp culture not pond waters culture.”.



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