Recognize To Pond Waters Through Ecosystem Approach 02 – The Components and Its Interactions

Based on the formation processes, an ecosystem in general can be grouped into two types namely: (i) natural ecosystems, and (ii) artificial ecosystems. Based on this, then a shrimp pond waters can be categorized as an artificial ecosystem which is expected to provide "security and comfort" for shrimps during the cultivation process conducted.

As an artificial ecosystem, hence the forming components and interactions that occur in a shrimp pond water ecosystem are strongly influenced by technical treatment conducted / applied to these waters.

Like a natural ecosystem, in a shrimp pond water ecosystem that has been formed, the organisms in the community growing along with the physical environment as a system. Organisms will adapt to the physical environment, otherwise the organism also affects the physical environment for living.

Reviewed based on its components, pond water ecosystem is also composed by compiler components which are interacting and influence each other (in this discussion, the components of the ecosystem will be described in implicated so easily understood in its implementation). The compiler components are as follows:

1. Plot of a pond and pond waters as media and substrates for the life or environment for the biota living within its. Plot of a pond has a role as a substrate where the habitat of living for shrimps and other aquatic biota. In addition, the plot of a pond acts as a water reservoir media and interact with the give and take of nutrients into and out of the waters, also collectively support the chemical and biological processes in one unit of pond waters ecosystem.
   
   Pond waters are more dynamic than the plot of a pond because in these waters is happen a complex physical, chemical and biochemical reactions. The reactions of physics and chemistry can be considered as abiotic components of pond waters ecosystem.
   
   As a closed water ecosystem then the characteristics of pond plot and pond waters have a very strategic aspect to be conditioned such a natural waters ecosystem through implementation of the shrimp cultivation technical.
   
   
2. Phytoplankton in a pond waters is an autotrophic component because it can make their own food from inorganic substances with the help from energy such as sunlight (photo-autotroph) and chemicals (chemo-autotroph). This type of plankton has a very important role in determining the stability of pond water ecosystem. Indicators of pond waters quality (water transparency, water color, pond bottom condition) are strongly influenced by the stability of the phytoplankton (in certain conditions also influenced by the type of zooplankton) in the waters.
   
   
3. Shrimp and type of pond water organism can be said as fagotrophic at once heterotrophic components (macro consumer) because it uses organic ingredients supplied by other organisms as their food.
   
   
4. In addition to the above three components, in pond water ecosystem are also found decomposer component which decomposing the organic material from dead organisms. In the pond waters, In the pond waters, there are two alternatives effects of the decomposition process that are detrimental or beneficial to the shrimps and the organisms / biota that live in these waters.
   
   Decomposition process will be advantageous if the aquatic ecosystem in a balanced and stable condition because the process of interaction among components of the ecosystem will support each other. Meanwhile, if the waters ecosystem in a unbalanced and unstable conditions, then the decomposition process can be dangerous for shrimps and biota / other organism that lives in these waters.

Referring to the understanding of pond waters ecosystem as described above, it is expected that in the management of shrimp culture, especially in the cultivation technical implementation should be through an ecosystem approach, there is direct and maintain the pond waters in an equilibrium condition with due regard to the levels of need and comfort of the shrimps.



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