Shrimp Farming Area Development (4) – Shrimp Culture Technology Approach

Primarily, shrimp culture technology is an integrated management system to create a map of environmental conditions in the ponds to be consistent with the habitat and the 'behavior' of natural shrimp from the initial fry stocking until the normal harvest.

Management system which includes the cultivation technology, including:

1. Determination of shrimp types of that will be stocked. Type of shrimp that will be cultivated must a kind of high economic value and are not susceptible to disease.
   
   
2. Determination of cultivation pattern (intensive, semi-intensive, traditional, monocultural / multicultural, and frequency of cultivation). Cultivation pattern applied to adjust with the carrying capacity of land and waters as well as technological and financial cultivation;
   
   
3. Land fry preparation should actually creates optimal conditions for survival, because experiencing the environmental transition from the 'hatchery' into the pond environment;
   
   
4. Selection of the type and quality of shrimp fry. The quality and amount of fries should actually selected to obtain a high level of life and not a problem since the early;
   
   
5. Pond water quality management should be based on balancing pond water ecosystem;
   
   
6. Feeding program must follow the shrimp requirements in order to avoid 'over-feeding' that can lead to decay in pond bottom and harmful to the shrimp, while also not causing a “big” of Food Conversion Ratio (FCR), that will affect the 'profit value' cultivation in the current period;
   
   
7. Management of growth and quality of shrimp should be done continuously so that technology and treatment can be given in accordance with the conditions of shrimp;
   
   
8. The pattern of cultivation should be appropriate to address the problems with the cause of the problem, namely: environmental, shrimp or 'treatments error', so decision making more wear on the root of the problem;
   
   
9. Patterns of shrimp harvesting. The principle of shrimp harvesting pattern is maintaining the quality and quantity of shrimp during the harvesting process because it will affect the selling price of shrimp;
   
   
10. Management of post-harvest ponds. This activity is a sterilization process and return of productivity of land for farming activities for the next period.
    

Application of technology for shrimp culture is a unity that can not be separated from one another and in decision-making and treatment to be provided must be fully integrated. As was mentioned earlier that there was no shrimp cultivation technology standard that is empirical can be used, so that the general technology is still commonly used 'trial and error'.

One of the used technologies in shrimp culture is through a balanced waters ecosystem approach in the pond in accordance with natural environment of shrimp itself. The basic principle of this approach is that if one element of pond water ecosystem authors have disrupted the ecosystem imbalance will occur that will eventually cause problems for shrimp.



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