Shrimp Disease : White Spot Syndrome – 01 – Introduction

White Spot Syndrome (WSS) is a shrimp disease, that can reasoning a big financial lose. The virus has a wide host range and is highly virulent and leads to mortality rates of 100% within days in the case of cultured penaeid shrimps. This characteristics make this virus is very famous and it to be fearfully for the implementors of shrimp culture, moreover to be present there are no available treatments for WSS.

Based on wikipedia reference, the first reported epidemic due to this virus is from Taiwan in 1992; however, reports of losses due to white spot disease came from China in 1993, where it led to a virtual collapse of the shrimp farming industry. This was followed by outbreaks in Japan and Korea in the same year, Thailand, India and Malaysia in 1994 and by 1996 it had severely affected East Asia and South Asia. In late 1995, it was reported in the USA, 1998 in Central and South America, 1999 in Mexico and in 2000 in the Philippines

In Indonesia, the first epidemic due to this virus was outbreak in 1993 to be present. In several Indonesia regions this virus usually called “skin fungus” disease. The disease is caused by a family of related viruses subsumed as the White Spot Syndrome Baculovirus Complex (WSSV) and the disease caused by them as white spot syndrome (WSS). The classification of this virus as shown below :

- Group: Group I (dsDNA)
- Family: Nimaviridae
- Genus: Whispovirus
- Species: White spot Syndrome Baculovirus Complex

Transmission of the virus is mainly through oral ingestion and water borne routes in farms (horizontal transmission) and vertical transmission (from infected mother prawns) in case of shrimp hatcheries. The virus is present in the wild stocks of shrimp, especially in the coastal waters adjacent to shrimp farming regions in Asian countries, but mass mortalities of wild shrimps are yet to be observed.

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) does not infect human beings and eating infected shrimp (in any form) does not pose any hazard to human health.



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