Pond Water Quality Management - Concept 02

Pond water can be analogued as a “home” and environment where the shrimps living and carry out living activities also interacted with other organisms. Pond waters quality management in line with shrimps condition and shrimps need is mean how to provide a living place for shrimps with the result that the shrimps become “feel at home” within it and living normally. In order to create that condition, then before prepared “a home” for shrimps, it’s need to reviewed characteristics and behaviours of shrimp , there are :

1. Demersal. The shrimps is living at waters bottom, so waters quality management necessary to considering pond bottom condition in line with shrimps need.
   
   
2. Nocturnal. The shrimps more active at night, with the result that the pond waters condition is need to be appropriated with process of biologies, chemistries, physic and ecology that occur within it especially at night.
   
   
3. Phototaxis negative. The shrimps always avoid a light straightly. This characteristic in connection with pond waters transparancy management that it can be covered ligth penetration directly.
   
   
4. Canibalism. A shrimp is canibal to others. In order to decrease canibalism then the pond waters need to be supported with sufficient natural feed stocks and bottom pond condition is possible for weak shrimps to take a shelter from prey.
   
   
5. Moulting. This is a natural process for shrimp growth with shell change also as respons for drastic environment changes. Pond waters management must not shake to waters ecosystem balance in order to avoid massal moulting, because at moulting process a shrimp on weakest condition and very susceptible.
   
   
6. Need level of shrimps to waters quality is change in line with shrimps age.

Pond waters quality management that not observe shrimp condition, shrimp need and shrimp characteristics will increase shrimp restless level within pond and the shrimps always try to come out from waters environment like this. At this condition, the shrimps indicate unnormally behaviour to show that waters quality is uncomfortable for them.Several parameters as indicator of waters quality, are among others :

1. Waters transparancy.
   
2. Waters color.
   
3. Waters physic condition.
   
4. Pond bottom condition.

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Pond Water Quality Management - Concept 01

Waters is a significant factor for successfully of shrimp culture production especially with shrimp culture technology application. The waters is an habitat for shrimps to live and to be interacted with around environment (biotic and abiotic elements) that creating a food chain within ecosystem. Within it original habitat there is natural waters, the created ecosystem is always preserve on an qually condition through natural control mechanism (biologies, physics, chemistries as well as ecologies). The shrimps (although it have biology characteristics and behaviour) as one of ecosystem composer biota, on carry out living activities are always refer to rule of the game of that habitat. The rule of the game mentioned are among others :

1. The composer biota of natural waters ecosystem there are beneficial biota and harmful for shrimps as well as many shrimp diseases.
   
   
2. The food chain that be created is a natural selection for composer biota population included shrimps.
   
   
3. The process of biology, chemistry and physic) which occur within waters ecosystem is a processs to direct safe tolerancy and comfortable for organisms within it, except thera are significant affect from outter.
   
   
4. The composer biota of waters ecosystem have an unique adaptation ability to environment (physiology as well as behaviour).
   
   
5. The composer biota of waters ecosystem are persistent to try living within area that it can guarantee of safely and comfortable to on carry out living activities within it.

Based on logical points like mentioned above, so it can be said the condition and ecosystem profiles of natural waters are very different with artificial waters ecosystem (pond waters ecosystem). Natural waters ecosystem management process occurred by itself and preserve on equal condition, whereas artificial waters ecosystem is more depend on human intervention that be condioned to resemble with natural waters. Several limited factors for create an artificial waters ecosytem on shrimp culture, are among others :

1. A pond waters ecosystem (artifial waters ecosystem) exist at limited environment, there is just covered environment within waters pond, so the movement space of organisms/biota within it will limited too.
   
   
2. Organisms/biota that living within artifial waters ecosystem are no have choices to find another environment if equally condition of pond waters ecosystem is disturbed so it can affect for shrimps physiology.
   
   
3. Waters ecosystem within limited environment (pond) is very labile concerning change of natural factors (wheather and climate) as well as technical of shrimp culture.
   
   
4. The process of biology, chemistry, physic and ecology that occurred within pond waters are more depend on treatment that be given, so this is possible to reasoning an human errors.
   
   
5. Pond waters condition that be conditioned like natural habitat for organisms/biota that life within it is not guarantee yet to create a suitable condition for there organisms.
   
   
6. Pond waters management that more depend on human intervention can reasoning a condition that called “the organisms follow the treatment want, not the treatment follow the organisms need”.
   
   
7. Conditioning pond waters in line with natural waters for shrimps habitat can make a traped condition for actors of shrimp culture to create “water culture” than shrimp culture activities.

Basically, shrimp culture activities are to create a suitable waters environment in line with shrimps natural habitat, but factually there is can’t detached from technology of pond waters quality appropriate with shrimps condition and shrimps need its self with refering any limited factors like mentioned above.. As principal, the technology of pond water quality management must refer at “how to create and preserve equally of pond waters ecosystem, so this condition will not shake to environment. The shaked environment can make shrimp become stress and finally can reasoned serious problems for shrimps.

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Shrimp Culture Development Concept – 02

Like already discussed before, the concept of shrimp culture development be affected by 4 main factors, there are : (1) waters, (2) land/area, (3) technology, and (4) human resources that each others is a unit that can’t be separated.

Waters factor is an aspect that to be need for created a shrimps habitat within pond on a balanced waters ecosystem condition that it’s close with shrimps original habitat. The waters source that be used for shrimp culture activities is marine waters which still preserve it capabilities, like physic, biology, chemist as well as ecology. Waters factors is very close with land factors, because at shrimp culture activities moment, pond productivity very be affected by waters quality within pond also land (soil) as pond bottom.

Waters condition is as growth media for shrimps that to be cultured, whereas land (soil) is a nutrition supplier also as decomposed media for shrimps metabolism results as well as others biota within pond waters ecosystem. For shrimp culture with low density that it rely on natural feed, land (soil) fertility is an important factor for that natural feed growth. Whereas, for shrimp culture with high density that it rely on feed from outer, this fertility factor is becoming not important enough. Beside land (soil) fertility, poisonous contents is a factor that to be need identificated, because poisonous contents is dangerous for shrimps.

Basically, shrimp culture activities is create an artificial environment that in line with shrimps natural habitat, it must using science and technology for “guard” shrimp culture process over right with profitable production. Technically, shrimp culture process included activities, like among others :

1. Preparation of cultivation.
   
2. Management of waters quality;
   
3. Management of quality and growth of shrimp/fry;
   
4. Management of feeding program;
   
5. Shrimp culture problems handling;
   
6. Harvesting system, and
   
7. Post harvesting management

Application of technical shrimp culture is need to be supported by sufficient equipments and infrastructures in order to avoid significant problems for shrimp culture activities. The equipments/infrastuctures are among others :

1. Shrimp culture equipment, including materials and tools (water wheels, water pumps, spiral water pipes, fish scoop net, fish casting net, weight measure tooll, etc) and materials for shrimp culture production (fertilizer, saponin, chlorine, chemist material, etc.);
   
2. Electricity infrastructures and it network;
   
3. Yield handling infrastructures (ice factory, cold storage, etc);
   
4. Transportation infrastructures within or outter location;
   
5. Fuel procurement infrastructures;
   
6. Clean water infrastructures, and
   
7. Social infrastructures

Another significant factors for shrimp culture development is human resources factor, there are include fund owner and shrimp culture actors that they make mutual relationship to take a satisfaction oriented results from shrimp culture activity. Funded owner surely have an expectation in order to get the shrimp culture development can guarantee that the investment is safely, whereas the shrimp culture actors are very affected for successfully of shrimp culture activities process to take profitable. Human resources capabilities factors related with financial as well as science and technology will affect for sustainability of shrimp culture development.

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Shrimp Culture Development Concept – 01

Background

Basically, shrimp culture is an activities to growing all at once cultivated shrimps within a media that called pond. The cultivation method that to be used usually is by provided a specific environment condition which suitable for shrimps at specific time with the result that the shrimps condition is financial reasonable to be obtained/utilized.

Shrimp culture activities have several characteristics if it be equalized with other cultivation, there are among others :

1. Unvisible object, it’s mean that all shrimps behaviour within pond waters can’t be monitored directly because it covered by waters.
   
   
2. Shrimps sensitivity. Pond as artificial habitat for shrimps, within it shrimps become sensitive to arround environment change that caused by natural factors (climate, wheather, waters) as well as shrimp culture technical/treatment factors.
   
   
3. Shrimp culture technology standard is still relatively. Untill present there no science and technology that have empiric charateristic which can guarantee for successfully of shrimp culture exactly. Techonology that be applied is more through waters ecosystem balance with the result that the srimps is not becoming stress and troubles.
   
   
4. Shrimp culture is need an expensive investation also large area.
   
   
5. Shrimp cuture have a high profit level all at once a high risk level. The expensive shrimp price can give a big profit if shrimp culture activities already successfully, in the other hand if technical capability, climate changes and social environment is not sufficient, they can make shrimp culture activities very susceptible for production failure.
   
   
6. Perishable. We know that shrimp is a very easy decomposed commudity, with the result that a handling process at harvesting time must really pay attention temperature factor in order to it quality can be maintained.

The concept of shrimp culture development be affected by 4 main factors, there are : (1) waters, (2) land/area, (3) technology, and (4) human resources that each others is a unit that can’t be separated (as illustration see at figure below). Considering that shrimp culture is a profit oriented activity, so the approaches that to be used to that four main factors, it’s must be conditioned on approach that direct at safety and comfortable financial condition for the personels that involved within shrimp culture activities.

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“Dust” Within Pond Waters

At this time, the discussion related with pond waters quality is about “dust” within pond waters, that it also often be found at shrimp culture activity. In line with it terminology, a 'dust“ pond waters condition, if it be monitored accurately, so the waters will seem messy that caused by “dust” within waters. Generally, “dust” within pond waters condistion is caused by water physic particles that unsoluble and drifty within waters.

Monitoring to “dust” within pond waters condition have to really accurately because the measurement of particles that drifting within waters is very small, so if not usual for this, it will very difficult to differentiate between a turbid waters with ‘dusty” pond waters. Some practical methods and stages to identify “dusty” pond waters, are among others :

1. Take a waters sample from a pond using a transparent glass, so waters within it can see clearly.
   
   
2. Monitor pond waters profile within glass, and let it for a minutes to see there is happened particles settle process within that sample waters.
   
   
3. After several minutes, monitor the change of pond waters profile within glass, in order to more clear result, monitoring is better by saw the pond waters within glass behind a sunrays (or others ligth).
   
   
4. If the particles within waters become settled, so that is a turbid waters condition.
   
   
5. If the particles within waters are continuosly drifting and unsettled, so that is ‘dust “ pond waters condition.
   
   
6. Repeat the methods above at several locations at same pond.

“Dust” within pond waters if not to be handled immediately, it will reasoning a problem to shrimps gill, and at specific time it can reasoning red gill disease more over at serious stadia it can reasoning a mass death for shrimps within pond.

The alternative of technical treatmet that can be implemented to handle this problem, are among others :

1. Waters circulation continuosly with increasing it’s frequncy as well as it volume. The objective of this treatment is to replace pond waters with the new one.
   
   
2. Using saponin (unrecommended) with normal dosage to bundled the particles within pond waters.

“Dust” within pond waters like other pond waters quality problems, don’ be ever make it easy, because can reasoning a serious problem for your shrimps.

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Indonesia's Group Profile This Months

agronursery

Agronusery is an Indonesia’s group that provided for persons who interest with agribusiness and it related others (agriculture, animal husbandry, aqua/shrimp culture, etc). In addition, this group also provided to interrelationship between members, like information sharing, discussion, product advertising, etc.

Agronursery was founded at May 21, 2007 and at present agronursery have 260 members, with several backgrounds. If you interested to join with this group just visit on agronursery or contact moderator by email on agronursery@yahoo.co.id

Notes :
If any mistakes with this information, please send a feed back to me.

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Broken Tail/Uropods on Shrimp

When monitored the shrimps condition, we often find the shrimps with broken tail (uropods) condition and its breakage is from ligth level (shrimp tail just have a little breakage) until serious level (the shrimp have no tail/uropods.

The broken tail (uropods) as a part of shrimps condition also very influenced shrimps quality that it will be obtained (detailed the concept of shrimp quality for price can be viewed here). There are two main factors that its can causing the broken tail at shrimps :

1. Canibalism, shrimps tail (uropods) becoming broken caused by canibalism inter the shrimps population within the pond. A breakage that caused by canibalsm usualy be signed with no little lump at it tails. Canibalism factor is more caused by feed lack that be given to shrimps within a pond.
   
   
2. Waters quality is poorly.
   
   
3. Pond bottom is dirty. A breakage that caused by point 2 and point 3 usually be followed with little lump at it shrimp tail. The indications of broken tail that caused by point 2 and point 3, are among others : (1) The shrimp tail tip have little lump and if be pressed it will to be secrete, (2) After the lump is appear, the shrimp tail will become broken, (3) in this condition the shrimps still seen actively.

Some technical treatments that can be implemented to anticipated a broken shrimp tail problem, are among others :

1. If the broken tail (uropods) caused by canibalism factor, so the step that can be done is with reviewed feeding program in connection with shrimps need level.
   
   
2. If the broken tail (uropods) caused by waters quality/dirty pond bottom, so the step that can be done are : (a) cleaned pond bottom, (b) waters circulation intensively, (c) gift soft lime/zaeolit, and (d) at serious problem stadia it can be given KMNO4 (kalium permanganat) with normal dosage (not recommended).
   
   
3. Monitoring to shrimps condition change accurately after the treatment was given

The broken tail (uropods) problem is more dominant caused by environment factor there is poorly waters quality/dirty bottom pond, with the result that an alternative step that can be done to anticipated this problem is preserved waters quality on normal condition for shrimps and monitored pond bottom routinely.

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The Mossy Shrimps

Shrimp condition is one of factor to determined successfully of shrimps culture, because it can influenced to shrimps quality and undirectly it’s also determined shrimps price (detailed the concept of shrimp quality for price can be viewed here). One of parameters shrimps condition that often we be found within pond is mossy shrimps, and in line with this terminology, at like this condition, shrimp body is covered by moss, and usually called with “the jacket shrimps”

The moss that grow on shrimp body certainly will influential.for shrimps activities, moreover at serious condition the shrimps will become passively and shrimp body become porous. In connection with this condition, so if a pond have too many mossy shrimps at serious condition undirectly its to be influenced fot shrimp quality that to be obtained. The stages of occurred mossy shrimps, usually are among others :

1. Pond waters transparancy is very high, moreover to pond bottom;
   
   
2. Plankthon within pond waters is very difficult to be grown that it caused by minimized plankthon seeds;
   
   
3. Fertilizer usage with high dosage;
   
   
4. Caused by point 1 and point 2 above and it’s occuring at a long time, so it will stimulated moss growth at pond bottom;
   
   
5. The moss begin grow on shrimps body gradually

In order to anticipate the problems like mentioned above, so the technical treatmen that it can be implemented, are among others :

1. Pond water subtitution gradually;
   
   
2. Execute plankthon seeds inoculation;
   
   
3. Using fertilizer with normal dosage;
   
   
4. At mossy shrimps at serious condition can be used saponin with normal dosage to stimulated shrimps moulting process (unrecommended)

Based on discussion like mentioned above, there is a basicaly note related with mossy shrimps, the moss can lost if the shrimps be normally moulting.

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Shrimp Culture News of The Month - 3

Indonesia Aquculture Production Increased 20 %
Source : http://dkp.go.id
Pers Release 19/03/08 DKP

The Indonesia’s regulation for fiheries development are Fish Cacthing Monitoring, Aquaculture Development and Added Value Improvement of Fishery Product. In line with there regulations, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fishery of Indonesia are trying to increasing fiheries production to future on aquaculture sectors. It’s such be said by Freddy Numbery (Minister of Marine Affairs and Fishery of Indonesia) at agenda of National Work Meeting Opening of Indonesian Aquaculture Community (MAI) year 2008, at Building of Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fishery of Indonesia, Jl. Medan Merdeka Timur No.16, Central Jakarta .

At least 3 (three) years, Indonesia aquaculture development have shown a significant results with increase on volume and production value. At 2005 – 2007 period, volume of aquaculture production averages increasing was growth 19.56% /year with it value increased average 10.85% / year, there were from 2.16 million ton as value Rp.21.45 quintillion at 2005 to 3.09 million ton as value Rp. 26.36 quintillion at 2007.

In order to realized a competitiveness aquaculture and it have qualified product, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fishery of Indonesia already supported active participation of Local Government to create a conducive exertion “climate” for aquaculture. Beside of that, the Local Government have to create an penetration which it to be sympathetic to small scale enterpreuneurs, providing a special facilitation for investor with offering a simple investment procedures to enterpreneur and established a regional spatial with the results that it can create a law assurance of exertion.

The aquaculture products demand increasing in the future will support to each countries to increase product quality in order to their can compete in global market. In connection with that matter, auaculture stakeholders have to do 3 (three) points, there are among others : (1) Super Efficient production, it’s mean that the farmers have availability to produce a comodity with cheapest cost with pressing cost production with the results that it’s can sell with affirdable price then others. Super Efficient can be created with implementing a true technically aquaculture methods, with the results that it have a high successfully chances, reducing unnecessaries cost production and using an infrastructure and natural resources effectively. (2) Real quality. In the future, advance societies with more prosperous high level were need a food with best quality and its available continuously. The good quality is mean its comply with a request that to be conditioned (acceptable), whereas continously is mean the quality have to be preserved in order to avoid quality fluctuation that can reasoning unfaithfully to consumer, and (3) Very large marketing (mega marketing), fishery products must have a large market. This matter is need the processing manufacturer can creating a product that it have added value and more product variation until create a more large market. Besides that, a farmer will be requested to increase species diversities that to be cultured to preparing more choice to make a comsumer accessiblity.

Aquaculture at future must availible to increasing it contribution as significant to whole fishery sector. This successfully can be achieved perfectly, moreover there were a supportting and active emancipation from all stakeholders from upstream to downstream, including from Indonesian Aquaculture Community (MAI)

Source : http://www.dkp.go.id
Pers Release 19/03/08 DKP

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