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11 August, 2008

Pond Water Color – 03 – The Criterias

Posted by marindro at 8/11/2008 05:54:00 PM

The criterion of pond water color criterion which able to make a standard reference in pond water quality management are among others:

The pond water color is old green, it is mean show an existence of chlorophyceae dominancy with it characteristic more stable to change of environment and weather because having a long mortality period. Growth level which relative quickly very have potency to create booming plankton in the pond water.
The pond water color is brownish, it is mean show an existence of diatomae dominancy. This plankton type is one of natural feed supplier for shrimps, so that growth level of shrimps more quicker. The stability level of this plankton is not stable enough especially at season with high rainfall level, so that have potency to create a plankton collapse condition and if it’s management not accurately, so the stability of pond water quality will become fluctuate and will bother the level of comfortable of within pond water.
The pond water color is green to brownish, it is mean show that a dominancy which happened is mixing among chlorophyceae and diatomae which have stabilize character which supported with natural feed availability for shrimps.

The standard of pond water color like mentioned above is practical reference to identifying the kind of plankton as effort to detection of problem of water quality early. Besides the standard color there are some pond water colors which are ordinary to be met in shrimp culture activity, for examples:

The pond water color is yellowish, it is mean show the existence of dominancy of cyanophyceae phytoplankton type. At pond water like this, the shrimps have paler color and usually accompanied with degradation of shrimp’s appetite and if it is not anticipated immediately, it can generate damage to shrimp’s hepatopanchreas.
The pond water color is green to yellowish dominant which mean show the existence of dominancy of dynophyceae phytoplankton type which have an impact is same with point (1).
The pond water color is blue to greenness, it is mean show the existence of dominancy of blue green algae which have an impact is same with point (1).
Green color camouflage, at this condition the pond water is impressing greenness but basically it is not have/minimize contain the plankton. This matter happened usually at pond water which have plankton seed is very less but activity of fertilization move along, so that color which generated is color that created by influence of weather. This occurrence knowable by measure pond water transparency which usual have very high transparency, or with seeing the water color on the water wheel which is operated.

Practical identify of the plankton kind in pond water withy seeing pond water color be like have been discussed like mentioned above are need supported by periodical monitoring and laboratory analysis to get more accurate results. This activity is done by intake pond water sample and shrimp sample from the ponds both for having problem or no, so that can be taken its comparison.

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Pond Water Color – 02 – Analysis Aspects

Posted by marindro at 8/11/2008 05:42:00 PM

The aspect which needed to pay attention in assessing and analyze the pond water color mainly covers:

The kind of dominant plankton.
The abundance of dominant plankton
The condition and quality of shrimps.

Analysis to the kind of dominant plankton to be based on a characteristic and problems level which possibly generated within pond water and its influence to other organisms. The pond water which dominated by an beneficial plankton type and it have a comfortable and safe influence for other organisms, a decision which needed to take is how to maintain it, while if the plankton dominancy that created from a harmful plankton type hence needed a replacement of plankton dominancy with reducing pond water in big volume and process of beneficial plankton seed inoculation from other pond accompanied with fertilization.

The abundance of dominant plankton within pond water has a close relation with level of pond water transparency like have been discussed before all. The abundance which too high from the harmful plankton type will very endanger for shrimps and can generate the serious problem if it is not soon anticipated.

Pond water color analysis which related with dominancy of selected plankton type has to consider at quality and condition of shrimps which living within pond water. This situation can be interpreted that though plankton dominancy within pond water is a beneficial type but if condition and quality shrimps become degradation, hence is something problem within pond water so that needed to perform an identify and analyze to a problem maker accurately. On the contrary if pond water color monitoring show the existence of harmful plankton dominancy while the quality and condition of shrimps under normal condition, hence the process of pond water replacement need conducted step by step and continually in order not to generate stress for shrimps till to plankton dominancy within pond water replaced with new one and have beneficial character.

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Pond Water Color – 01 – Logical Basic

Posted by marindro at 8/11/2008 05:32:00 PM

Basically, pond water color happened caused by dominancy of selected kind of plankton which growing and expands within pond water. This parameter can used as one of practical standard of pond water quality thoroughly visual monitoring by paying attention the condition and quality of shrimps in the water under color of idea be like following as bellows:

Phytoplankton have a specific color which caused by content of chlorophyll which differ among the kinds one with other.
Plankton have a specific characteristic in conducting it activity process included biological, chemistry, physical and ecology which differ among the kinds one with other.
Phytoplankton is main producer in food chain within pond water, so it’s dominancy have an impact to life of other organisms.
There is not all of the plankton kinds which growing pond water have a beneficial character for the shrimps and other organisms or in pond water, so that dominancy from selected type will have an impact to comfortable level for other organisms within pond water.

The logical basic like mentioned above is showing that pond water color which caused by existence of dominancy of selected plankton type is referable on decision making concerning pond water quality. Plankton dominancy factors within pond water can happened because influence of plankton seed which entered into the pond and a treatment which applied in process of plant and management of plankton. At early forming of pond water, the plankton seed which entered into pond water is possibility has dominancy and then grows and expands within pond water later. At other case the plankton seed which entered into pond water not yet happened dominancy, but a treatment that applied enable happening of growth of selected plankton type so that dominant within pond water.

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08 August, 2008

Physical Condition of Pond Water

Posted by marindro at 8/08/2008 05:21:00 PM

Mainly a physical condition of pond water is a situation of pond water that evaluated from existence and vision of the physical particles which met in the water. The particles become emerge as process effect that happened within pond water ecosystem as well as caused by shrimp culture technical factors so that indirectly follow to influence for life of the organisms within it. The physical condition of pond water also can be made as one of a standard of pond water quality under color of idea as follows bellows:

Appearance of the particles can be made a signal that have happened an abnormal process (biology, chemistry, physical) within water.
In big number and long duration can cause annoyed of physiological function of shrimps and other organisms.

The particles can find in various measure there are small fairish and big that caused by accumulation process that happened within water. Appearance of the particles can find in water layer although appear at water surface. Through careful monitoring hence the particles appear will be able to seen even detected the cause of its problems since early. Some physical condition of pond water which ordinary to be met are among others:

A “dusty” pond water, this condition to describe that within pond water emerge a very smooth particles and drift because it is not dissolve or settle within pond water. The condition like this can result the trouble to shrimp gills and at specific time period can result disease of red gill. An applicable treatment to overcome this problem is by improving water circulation either from frequency side and its volume continually. Usage saponin at selected dose expected can fasten the particles within pond water.
A ”foamy” pond water, at this condition of pond water surface visible seen foamy and will be more clear looked when water wheel operated. This matter designate that in the water have happened plankton mass mortality which able to generate water ecosystem balance become collapse, pond water transparency tend to unstable, dirty pond bottom that caused by plankton carcass sediment. Technical treatment which able to be used to overcome this condition is by doing water circulation continually and at some stage can be done plankton seed inoculation continually from other pond accompanied with improvement of dose usage of fertilizer or usage of organic materials.
Appearance “klekap” (Indonesian terminology = dirty material on pond water surface). The “klekap: basically is mixture among pond bottom dirts with plankton carcass which upraised to water surface caused by oxidize process with constructed by sunshine. This condition happened because dirty of pond bottom and pond water transparency is too high. The “klekap” if have dropped again in pond bottom there will be deterioration and can cause increase of content of H2S and NH3 in pond water and can dangerous for shrimps. Appearance “klekap” on the pond water surface can be overcome with lifting them from pond water surface and cleaning the pond bottom which balanced with water circulation continually and reforming the pond water quality through plankton regeneration which have died by plankton seed inoculation and fertilizing with dose matching with requirement.
Growing of moss within pond. This condition happened because pond water transparency is too high and takes place old in a condition and accompanied with the fertilization process continually. The moss growing in pond will pursue activities and motion of shrimp also plankton plant process harder. Moss will lose if penetration of the sunshine that assists growth of moss blocked by plankton at selected water transparency.

The four conditions like mentioned above is the matter that often met at pond which in monitoring of pond water quality is not careful enough or giving of technical treatment which less precise at its target. The pond water with water quality and shrimp condition matching with balanced ecosystem will influence the profile and quality of physical condition of pond water and make it will awake by itself and also very depend on strive to maintain the condition.

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02 August, 2008

Pond Bottom Condition - 03 – Base of Consideration

Posted by marindro at 8/02/2008 06:38:00 PM

In order to anticipate the problems hence needed incidental monitoring to pond bottom such as have been explained above and periodic monitoring that is by lifting dirt and black mud especially which reside in water outlet with a water pump and spiral pipe by inhaling the dirt and the black mud and throw away it through water outlet channel. This activity better is also followed with monitoring of shrimps death level in pond bottom passing the way take sample of shrimp carcass and its quantity which met to be identified problems level as base of decision making. Some needed matters to consider before doing this activity are, among others:

The condition and quality of shrimps, because periodical lifting activity of dirt and black mud will give shake to water quality stability that it able to generate stress at shrimps. This activity better be conducted at the time of really good shrimps condition with high endurance level to stress, while at shrimps in mass moulting situation expected don't conduct this activity because the shrimps on weak condition and lower endurance level to stress.
The weather situation at that moment better reside in condition which able to support the return forming process of water quality after conducted lifting of dirt and mud of pond bottom.
The tide condition which support fluency of pond water replacement and throwing away of dirt and black mud to water outlet channel.
The reforming of pond water quality that experience of shake effect of the activity up at balance pond water ecosystem within pond.
Shrimp condition monitoring after conducted activity of lifting and cleaning of pond bottom.

After conducted pond bottom cleaning by lifting of dirt and black mud there is better be followed with giving of soft chalk into pond water with dose as according to need with a purpose to return/improve acidity level of pond bottom. The giving of this chalk can be conducted periodically besides to take care of pond bottom acidity also needed to support the process shrimp moulting which having periodic character.

Pond bottom condition which controlled and monitored as well and careful besides improve the pond water quality also will support at the time of later to harvest the shrimps. The cleanness pond bottom will facilitate the harvesting process and take an impact to shrimp quality; on the contrary dirty pond bottom and full of mud will complicate the harvesting process and can generate a degradation of the shrimp quality yielded. Besides pond bottom condition also follow to take an impact to other technical program implementation especially in course of the decision making which having the character of treatment and harvesting.

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Pond Bottom Condition - 02 – The Monitoring Methods

Posted by marindro at 8/02/2008 06:31:00 PM

The dirt in pond bottom usually in form of black mud which settle in bottom and also contain H2S and NH3 which have acid character and at selected dose can endanger for shrimps. This dirt come from a metabolism process which conducted by the water organisms, plankton mortality and shrimp feed residue which not consumed and also influence from other shrimp culture treatment. Existence of black mud in pond bottom can monitoring through method like explained bellow, there are:

Monitoring to shrimp’s shell/chitin through periodic sampling and ancho monitoring. Pond bottom condition that dirt and full of mud usually affect at shell/chitin appearing that tending to the darker than at normal situation. At the time of conducted sampling, pond bottom dirt/mud usually follow brought at the is fish-net which dispersed into the pond.
Direct checking to pond bottom by doing the diving to see the bottom condition [of] fishpond and shrimp condition.
Direct checking to pond water outlet at the time of conducted water circulation by reckoning the required duration to throw away the dirt/mud. At this activity is also needed to pay attention fluency level of the water outlet channel in throw away the pond water, if happened the gagging hence required an advanced identify to cause of the gagging. Other factor which also needed to consider is the existence of shrimps carcass which following brought out together with pond water pursuant to amount and condition of the shrimp carcass so that can be taken a decision which instruct at harvesting decision and or treatment decision.
Monitoring to pond water surface at the time of water wheel is not operated. Pond bottom condition which dirty and full of mud usually throw away the air bubbles emerging from pond bottom up at water surface, if on the surface of pond water met too many this phenomenon hence pond bottom condition is very dirty and full of mud.

Monitoring of pond bottom condition needed to do careful either thoroughly periodic and incidentally monitoring so that problems that happened can handled immediately. A serious problem that usual happened is shrimps mortality in pond bottom that caused by various problems that not detected. Shrimp mortality that caused by moulting process usually met and has a natural character caused by cannibalism of other shrimps in amount still reside at the tolerance range specified. Is while mass plankton mortality in pond bottom and caused by the problems which not detected usually prawn carcass concentration in water outlet central and at more serious level, prawn carcass disseminate in pond bottom.

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Pond Bottom Condition - 01 - Background

Posted by marindro at 8/02/2008 06:05:00 PM

Pond bottom condition is a situation of physical of pond bottom along with process that happened within it concerning biology, chemistry, physical and ecology which directly and indirectly affected to life of shrimps other organisms in a related pond water ecosystem. This parameter can be made as one of measuring standard of pond water quality under logical basic as follows:

Pond bottom is an activities space and place of life for shrimps and other organism in normal condition like their natural habitat, so that pond bottom condition will influence the level of security and comfortable for shrimps and other organisms within the water.
Pond bottom is the place of dirt accumulation of pond both for coming from technical shrimp culture treatment or metabolism process which conducted by organisms that living within the pond water.
Pond bottom is an area within the pond that forming a separate sub community which having a benthic character of within the pond and their existence have the hand in glove correlation with the pond water ecosystem.
At pond bottom happened biological, chemistry, physical and ecology processes, that very depend on pond water ecosystem stability.
At some condition, pond bottom can have an aerobe character because it is not happening an oxidize process so that can endanger for condition and quality of shrimp within pond water.

Pond bottom condition have related directly with quality and condition of shrimps and also pond water quality, that is if pond water reside at balance ecosystem and have a stabilized character also condition and quality of shrimp is good hence pond bottom condition will awake by itself. One of [the] the factor which also follow to determine pond bottom condition is location and position of water wheel that operated at the time of shrimp culture conducting. Appropriate position of water wheel and can instruct pond bottom dirt to central of dismissal it can minimization a happening of spreading of the dirt accumulation in pond bottom, so that at the time of conducted throw away of pond bottom the dirt can follow brought.

Basically, every each pond which operated is always met the existence of dirt, because of that a matter which needed to pay attention is existence level and its spreading level in pond bottom compared with a standard from monitoring result to prawn quality and condition and also pond water quality. Some reason factors which able to result a happening of dirt accumulation in pond bottom are among others:

Design and construction of pond bottom which not designed with compatible level of concentration of dirt up at central of water outlet, so that cause the dirt in the pond bottom disseminate in some concentration spots.
Location of the water wheel position less precisely, so that cannot instruct the dirt up at central of water outlet.
Feeding program which over feeding in comparison with shrimp requirement level. Rest of abundantness feed is not consumed by shrimp and decay and also accumulated in pond bottom become dirt.
Feeding technique which not flatten to entire feed area in pond, so that feed become accumulated in one spot and it not consumed flatten so that decay in pond bottom.
Shrimp population level within a pond. At a pond which have high density shrimp population, pond bottom condition will be clean because dirt at pond bottom will impel by itself to water outlet central resulted from shrimps activities in pond bottom.
There is too minimize to checking pond bottom by doing the periodical diving
There is too minimizing of intensity and frequency water circulation which able to push the dirt of pond bottom up at water outlet central.

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29 July, 2008

Chemical Usage for Pond Water Treatment – 02 – The Application Stages

Posted by marindro at 7/29/2008 05:21:00 PM

The treatment implementation by using chemical materials is related / relevant with pond water circulation, especially in activity of arrangement of pond water height as like at fertilization activities which have been discussed before, that is a pond water volume very have an effect on to effectiveness treatment that to be done. This condition can be interpreted that at same usage dose, the he level of impacts and effectiveness will relative differ if passed to the pond with different water volume. The stages that able to be done in applying this treatment are as follows:

Identify the problem level of pond water and the level of impacts for shrimp culture activities.
If a founded problems assumed as serious problem hence needed to do degradation of height of pond water about 50 %.
At lower height of the pond water to be created water circulation by “oplos” as according to requirement.
Giving of chemical materials into pond water with dose as according with problem level.
Pond water circulation discontinued and operation of water wheel intensively so that treatment which have been given can give the optimal result
If pond water quality and shrimp condition show change up at better, hence pond water reenacted up at addition of pond water and improvement of pond water to more stable.
If pond water quality and shrimp condition is not improving and tend to increase at serious hence decision making is better to instruct at harvesting by considering the production cost which have been released and estimate the harvest result pursuant to price, size and quality of shrimp.

The usage of chemical materials in pond water quality management is not recommended at shrimp in normal condition which ready to harvest. This treatment is worried can be permeated by the shrimp body through its metabolism process or imbibitions at the time of shrimp do molting and can influence the shrimp quality yielded. At last some years have been done the examination of shrimp quality through tight regulation by some states of purpose of exporting, especially to shrimp considering heavy metal element and dangerous assumed.

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Chemical Usage for Pond Water Treatment – 01 – The Logical Basic

Posted by marindro at 7/29/2008 05:01:00 PM

At some conditions, pond water quality management have a constraint that is cannot apply technical of shrimp culture in an optimal condition to create a condition and quality of pond water such as expected because various factor so that it need treatment which in the form of usage of chemical materials within the pond water. Basically, the function of chemicals used as in below, there are:

As catalyst and stimulator for water forming process, which included in this category are argon, and various the bacterium types which having a profitness character and have been produced industrial. These matters used at pond water with the shrimp’s in good condition, but a water quality forming process is very hard done so that otherwise if not soon handled can generate the serious problem for shrimp. Besides, this materials also can be used at pond water with it’s plankton seed content relative less and also is not enabling to be done plankton seed inoculation because selected condition.
As disinfectant and sterilizer of pond water, which included in this category is kalium permanganate (KMNO3), chlorine (calcium hypochlorite), etc. This matters are commonly use at pond water with indication of shrimp condition which have disease infection, so that treatment this expected can save the shrimp which not yet infection at the same time also to conduct pond water sterilization from problem sources. Besides this materials also applicable to create plankton mass mortality at pond water which plankton booming fastly condition that very hard to be controlled.

The usage of chemical materials above, in its applying requires considering the pond water condition and causality to be generated by the treatments. Decision making have to pursuant to idea that, besides some the rationale aspects is also needed to pay attention upon which consideration of usage of chemical materials in pond water quality management is as follows:

This treatment can create a shaking to pond water, so that if purpose, target, dose and timing are impreciseness their can make worse matters.
This treatment is more instructing at shock therapy to improve pond water quality and shrimp in short-range.
Financially, this treatment is need a high cost production to the type of selected chemical.
This treatment as possible is last alternative, if as shrimp culture technically the pond water quality is not creating to change up at better and if it is not handled quickly can create a serious problem for shrimp

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The Methods of Pond Water Quality Management – The Background

Posted by marindro at 7/29/2008 04:48:00 PM

Basically, an activity of pond water quality management is a program activity to create a pond water to balance water ecosystem within limited site to be created a pond water condition to look like the natural habitat of shrimp either from nature, behavior and ecology. The implementation of pond water quality management require adequate technical ability conducting from its implementers through used method with a few needed aspects to make as consideration base in it applying, there are among others :

The used method has to relate at the objectives pond water management. Marginally the intention of this activity divided in 3 group there are: (a) To preserve or maintain the water quality which have as according to standard based on field monitoring or theory, (b) To improve the minimized quality of pond water quality according to up at better condition; (c) To change pond water which able to endanger for shrimp with new water to create a water environment more as according to condition and quality of shrimps.
The used method have to as according to parameter which to be managed there are water transparency, pond water color, physical condition of pond water and pond bottom condition. The parameters require approach of separate method which fixed relate at relevant one another.
The used method have to can touch the problems root of the factually water quality. The problems of pond water quality can happened because are among others:(a) Pond internal factors, there are problems that happened because annoyed it one of the compiler of pond water ecosystem elements; (b) Pond external factors, there are the problems which resulted from pond outside like change of the weather which cause shaking stability of pond water; (c) Treatment error factors there are the problems that happened effect of mistake of shrimp culture technical treatments.

The basic consideration such as have been discussed above are in order to applying of the used method in pond water quality management to efficient and effective ambulatory either through shrimp culture technical and financial calculation. Some methods that commonly use in pond water quality management are, among others:

Water circulation
Water fertilization
Water inoculation
Chemical usage

The application of the methods like mentioned above cannot self-supporting and have related one another depend on urgency level and priority scale of technical treatment [of] shrimp culture that to be given pursuant to monitoring and need identification which found in field. The method of pond water quality management that implemented separately will result the water ecosystem balance annoyed so that can cause a new problems which more complex.

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22 July, 2008

Pond Water Circulation - 03 - The Methods

Posted by marindro at 7/22/2008 11:09:00 PM

Water circulation activity can be conducted variously depend on need and problems level. The methods which commonly use in shrimp culture activities are among others:

Water circulation with pattern throw away and fill, that is pond water replacement by throwing away of pond water come up with the selected volume beforehand continued with recharging of new water into the pond come up with the desired volume. Water circulation with this method is commonly use at cases,: (i) sea water having lower ebb so that support process fluency throwing away of pond water and is not enabling to fill the new water of sea; (ii) To take care/maintain pond water quality which have been formed with volume dismissal of water not too much and not generate a shake, meanwhile filling of water aim to regenerate the planktons;(iii) Growing and forming of new plankton, that is throwing away of pond water volume is high so that height of pond water become lower, then conducted filling of water newly step by step which is made balance to with fertilization; (iv) Throwing away of dirt/mud at pond bottom as routine.
Water circulation with pattern fill and throw away, that is pond water replacement by filling of water into the pond beforehand then continued with throwing away of pond water come up with the desired volume. Water circulation with this method commonly use at case : (i) Water circulation in the early of fry disperse. Height of pond water at the fry disperse period is lower, so the water circulation conducted only by adding the new water into the pond step by step come up with desired height, then just conducted throwing away of pond water. This method aim to: (a) lessening the exit of shrimp which still very small fairish through outlet channel; (b) grow natural feed within the pond that needed by fry; (c) control pond water transparency and plankton abundance matching with fry/young shrimp requirement. (ii) Forming of plankton up at stable with enter water volume to pond more higher compared to the thrown pond water; (iii) Assist to handle the water outlet channel that fluent less / jams. The high pond water has the strong impetus at outlet channel so that expected can handle the problem.
Water circulation with pattern oplos (Indonesian meaning) that is conducting filling of water into the pond concurrently with throwing away of pond water to a point the time desired. At this water circulation, the volume and height of pond water is same because comparison of entered water and exit water are same relative. Water circulation with this method commonly use at case: (i) Improving collapse pond water quality without shaking pond water volume; (ii) Handling pond water which have of particles. At this condition the water circulation conducted continuously to throw out the particles at water then conducted giving a saponin with aim to fasten the particle remaining in the pond; (iii) Shrimp in high density population with need to feed also high. At this condition the water circulation conducted aim to: (a) Maintain the water freshness that needed by the shrimp by minimized time difference between throwing out of water and inclusion filling of water; (b) Minimize time of accumulation process of feed rest and shrimp metabolism in pond bottom; (c) Depress water quality shaking which able to endanger for shrimps in pond with a high density population.
Water circulation with pattern replacement of pond water totalizely, that is conducting throwing away of pond water to pond bottom then just conducted with filling of water step by step. Water circulation with this method commonly use at case:: (i) The pond water quality level is too bad and harmful for shrimps life, so needed the really new water and expected can create a comfortable zone for shrimps; (ii) The shrimp infected a problem/disease caused by bad water condition so that by reducing the water volume dam out in big scale expected can stimulate the shrimp to mass moulting; (iii) As effort to monitor shrimp population in the pond directly to give certainty as decision making base technically

The water circulation pattern as one of the method of pond water quality management in its applying very depended from monitoring and condition which happened in field. Decision making processes concerning pond water circulation have to fixed relate at other relevant technical related and also consider the factor causality to be generated pursuant to argument and reasonable to be accepted scientifically.

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Pond Water Circulation- 02 – The Sources and Influenced Factors

Posted by marindro at 7/22/2008 10:53:00 PM

There are some kinds of waters source that entered into the pond, depended from technology and location where the pond exist in. Some sources water and common method used in course of pond water circulation process are among others:

Sea-water which entered directly into the pond constructively tide or through support equipment like water pump. This method is used at the pond farm relative near or looks out on direct with sea and requires paying attention the sea-water quality and condition before entered into the pond directly. At the pond using the water pump will require the big enough investment for water pump installation along with pipe which stringed up to a point of coastal, meanwhile from area/land, this method is susceptible to eroding of sea-water to shrimp culture area/land.
The river water which still have brackish character and entered into the pond directly constructively by tide or through support equipment like water pump. This method commonly used at the pond that laid at relative rather far from sea or close to sea and the river with consideration of installation of water pump installation is relative more is modestly compared to water sea intake directly. This method is susceptible to sedimentation and contamination of the river waste coming from home doorstep and the industry residing in around river area.
Reservoir system, that is pond partition made as place relocation of river water or sea-water as source inclusion of pond water. At this system, water in reservoir is usually given by technical treatment before entered into the pond, so that entered water quality have been controlled from it’s quantity and quality. This system can be told as an ideal method for shrimp culture activities because the water of sea have precipitated and all negative factors for shrimp culture already minimized through technical treatment which have been given.
Recycle water system, that is a recycle process of water from outlet channel of pond accommodated return to enter to reservoir through sterilization process and made as source inclusion of pond water. This method commonly uses at the pond which relative far from sea and river or as anticipation if sea-water and river having a problem so that is not enabling to entered into the pond. This method is most susceptible to problem compared to some other method, because reentered dismissal water into the pond is dirty water even have through sterilization process.

Besides water source like have been discussed above, water circulation is also need the pond channel outlet which functioned besides to arrange the pond water volume also to throw away the dirt and mud in pond water bottom. Some the factors that influence the process dismissal of pond water and needed to consider, are among others:

Design and construction between pond bottom with outlet channel which conducive for water circulation and have no potency to generate the gagging at it’s channel.
The outlet channel is more higher than lower tide condition, so that in course of dismissal of pond water is not experiencing of the constraint because of tide.
The outlet channel have to be provided with “the door” or outlet pipe that able to be used to arrange dismissal of pond bottom water, mid water and water surface.
The outlet channel especially at central part have filter which able to prevent exit / get away of shrimps at conducting throw away of pond water.
The outlet channel have to apart with source pond water inlets so that don't happened water contamination which to be used in course of shrimp culture process.
The outlet channel of pond water as possible relate to the special canal or river so that dirt and mud of the pond can brought the current and its not settle in one place that causing sedimentation of outlet channel.

Pond water circulation that supported with adequate water inlet system and water outlet system will support water circulation fluency in activity of pond water quality management.

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Pond Water Circulation - 01 – The Logical Basic

Posted by marindro at 7/22/2008 10:43:00 PM

The water which formed pond can be told is the water that suffuse in a limited media, so that need a water supply from outside to regenerate the water and processes that happened within it so that having a character to more dynamic and give a comfortable zone the shrimps and other organism which living in the water.

A circulation of pond water can be interpreted as process replacement of water in pond by way of throwing away partly pond water through outlet channel to be replaced with new water which entered passing the inlet channel. At traditional shrimp farming, the process of pond water circulation is fully rely on the natural tide, meanwhile at intensive shrimp farming have used the water pump as a means of assist for the input of sea-water into the pond. Still marginally pond water circulation is fixed relate at tide condition that happened in the area, so that the quality of the water into pond don't contaminate waters bottom condition. Some factors which needed to consider before doing water circulation are among others:

The quality of water source which cover: (i) Biology: availability of plankton seed, existence predator and competitor for shrimp, availability of natural feed for shrimp, etc, (ii) Chemistry: content of H2S, NH3, acidity level (pH), etc; (iii) Physics: tide, salinity, water turbidity, etc.
The physical water condition covers, waters bottom, and the is particle content which drift in water, etc.
Activity of human like sea transport path, fish catching, etc.
Waters pollution from around environmental and negative activities to shrimp culture.

Pursuant to idea that water circulation process is to improve or maintain the water quality, hence to four above factors have to really paid attention in order not to up to conduct water circulation, with the result that quality of pond water become degrades or growing damage.

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